A Relation of Some Yeares Travaile, Begunne Anno 1626. Into Afrique and the greater Asia, especially the territories of the Persian Monarchie: and some parts of the Orientall Indies, and Isles adjacent. Of their Religion, Language, Habit, Discent, Ceremonies, and other matters concerning them. Together with the proceedings and death of the three late Ambassadors: Sir D.C. Sir R.S. and the Persian Nogdi-Beg: As also the two great Monarchs, the King of Persia, and the Great Mogol. By T.H. Esquier. [Thomas Herbert]
London
Printed by William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, 1634.
This book is valuable to scholars for a number of reasons, but here is one interesting example: Thomas Herbert had the distinction of being one of the only travelers to publish a description of the dodo while members of the species still lived. See The Zoological Journal, Vol 3, Page 554, for a comparison of Herbert's illustration to other contemporary sources. Only accounts such as these remain today to prove the bird's existence, as no full specimens of the dodo survived. See Herbert's illustration here.
Also interesting is the fact that the plate on page 26 appears to have been printed upside-down. At first glance, it sort of works anyways.
This book was loaned to me from a friend, Roya Cyrus, of Oakland, California. I photographed the whole thing.

Selected pages (those with images) below. Download the entire book as a 600 mb zip file here.